The only risk factor is having a family history of the disease. One mutated gene, youll have no signs or symptoms of thalassemia. Two mutated genes, your thalassemia signs and symptoms will be mild. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to cells throughout the body. Affected individuals also have a shortage of red blood cells. Thalassemia major is the most severe form of beta thalassemia. This is a genetic disease inherited from one or both parents. Alpha thalassemia major with hemoglobin barts usually results in fatal hydrops fetalis. Learn more about its symptoms and how its diagnosed. Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. The alpha thalassemia traits combine in different ways to produce blood disorders that range from mild to severe in their effect on the human body.
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